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CDP's latest report: Sustainable supply chains are the future trend

A new CDP report highlights sustainable supply chains as the future trend. The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) released its 2017 Supply Chain Report, analyzing information obtained from over 8,200 suppliers across 89 multinational corporations with a combined $2.7 trillion in purchasing spending. The report, titled "Harnessing the power of purchasing for a sustainable future," analyzes the impact of these spending sprees and expenditures. These international giants include brands such as BMW, Dell, Coca-Cola, Lego, L’Oreal, Microsoft, and Walmart, spanning various industries. Information disclosed by these suppliers regarding their environmental carbon reduction performance shows that in 2016, these companies collectively reduced carbon emissions by 430 million tons, exceeding even France's total annual greenhouse gas emissions. Effectively understanding and quantifying the potential impacts, risks, and opportunities of climate change is an indispensable cornerstone for building sustainable supply chains and helps companies prioritize, plan, and guide their collaborations with suppliers. The number of businesses participating in the supplier report grew by 20% in 2016, indicating that more and more companies are prioritizing their suppliers' environmental management and quantifiable performance. After evaluating over 3,300 companies, 2

2017-10-12

Socioeconomic: Social welfare system faces challenges

WEF 2017 Global Risks: Current Challenges to Sustainability The 2017 World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Risks Report has been released, once again outlining the factors influencing the global environment, economy, and society, and explaining the interconnected global risks—all essential considerations for sustainable development—reminding businesses to actively practice social responsibility now. Environment: More Efforts Needed to Combat Climate Change Of all risks, environmental risks are the most pressing. These risks will persist for a long time, but we must take immediate action to address them. In this report, environmental risks are both the most impactful and the most likely, including extreme weather, large-scale natural disasters, and climate change. Climate change is one of the three major trends affecting global development in the next decade, continuing to rank highly in both likelihood and impact, even surpassing nuclear weapons and pandemics. Addressing climate change relies on international cooperation, such as the Paris Agreement and COP22, or other actions for the global environment of the oceans and atmosphere. While 2016 saw progress, the pace was still not fast enough. Socioeconomic Issues: Social Welfare Systems Face Challenges. The social and economic issues that continued to escalate in 2017 included worsening income inequality and polarization across ethnic, religious, and cultural groups. These factors impacted the political situation in 2016 and continued to intensify risks in 2017.

2017-10-12

Walmart uses $250 billion to promote sustainable development of U.S. manufacturing in the textile industry

Walmart's $250 Billion Investment in Sustainable American Manufacturing for the Textile Industry: In 2014, Walmart, the leading U.S. retailer, established the "Walmart U.S. Manufacturing Innovation Fund" in conjunction with the Walmart Foundation and the National Conference of Mayors. The fund aims to develop advanced manufacturing for consumer goods in the United States, making American-made consumer products more competitive. This fund is also part of Walmart's previous commitment to invest $250 billion in U.S. manufacturing by 2023. According to estimates by the Boston Consulting Group, Walmart's American manufacturing initiative is expected to revitalize 1 billion domestic jobs. The Walmart U.S. Manufacturing Innovation Fund primarily allocates funds to industry research centers and university research institutes that apply for funding. For example, Walmart previously funded Cornell University to develop technologies that recycle post-consumer textiles to create new products, saving energy and water resources in consumer goods manufacturing processes. This year, Walmart's Innovation Fund allocated $3 million to six research and academic units to develop solutions for overcoming two major domestic manufacturing bottlenecks in the home textiles and apparel industries: – Reducing the cost of manufacturing in apparel and home textiles.

2017-10-12

P&G launches preservative tracking website for consumers

P&G Launches Preservative Tracking Website for Consumers International consumer goods group P&G recently launched a website providing information on the safety ingredients of its products, including a preservative tracking network. Consumers can search for product information by category or type of preservative. The website currently offers information on preservatives found in categories such as baby wipes, skin care products, clothing and household cleaning products, air fresheners, and dental care products. The website also lists the five preservatives of greatest concern to consumers and provides related safety information: – Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives; – Isothiazolinones; – Parabens; – Triclosan; and – Triclocarban. P&G stated that the group is committed to providing consumers with transparent product information to help them make informed purchasing decisions. P&G has listed over 140 fragrance ingredients on its website that have been discontinued in its product lines, and will gradually phase out the addition of aniline trichlorocarbonate to its products by the end of 2017.

2017-10-12

China's energy "13th Five-Year Plan" once again raised its low-carbon targets.

China's 13th Five-Year Plan for Energy Raises Low-Carbon Targets Again. China's 13th Five-Year Plan for Energy is perhaps one of the most closely watched energy development blueprints in the world. It will have a profound impact on China's carbon footprint over the next five years, given that it is the world's second-largest economy and largest carbon emitter. On January 5, 2017, the National Energy Administration of China finally released this highly anticipated plan, which includes a series of 2020 targets covering everything from total energy consumption to wind power capacity. One noteworthy point is that through the 13th Five-Year Plan for Energy, China may have once again raised its low-carbon ambitions, highlighting the urgent need for this smog-ridden country to achieve energy transition. Last March (2016), China released the "Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (2016-2020)," which included a series of climate and energy targets, such as setting an energy consumption ceiling and increasing the proportion of non-fossil fuels in the domestic primary energy mix to 15%. If we view this "top-level plan" as China's comprehensive development plan for the next five years (2016-2020), then the 13th Five-Year Plan for Energy is a "sub-plan" in the energy sector. This plan will include more specific objectives, thereby guiding policy-making, public spending, and project planning in the energy sector. The Chinese government has already clearly outlined many goals for 2020 in the "Energy Development Strategy Action Plan (2014-2020)" and the 13th Five-Year Plan.

2017-10-12

Greenpeace releases "Click Green Report," including Acer, ASUS, and other major telecom companies in its global ranking.

Greenpeace Releases "Click to Green Report": Acer, ASUS, and Baidu Included in Global Ranking. To accelerate the development of renewable energy among businesses, Greenpeace released the "Click to Green Report" on the 19th, comparing the use of renewable energy in the global and Taiwanese ICT industries. The results found that Taiwan's ICT industry has significantly improved its energy information transparency, outperforming well-known companies such as Amazon and Baidu. Tsai Szu-ting, Greenpeace's Renewable Energy Project Director, stated, "Energy information transparency is a crucial first step in developing renewable energy, and Taiwan's ICT industry has made significant progress, which is commendable." However, in areas such as renewable energy use, procurement, and advocacy, Taiwan's ICT industry still lags far behind international brands like Apple and Google. In response, Tsai specifically mentioned the recently passed amendment to the Electricity Act, which allows for the direct sale of renewable energy to users. Tsai stated that this important opening allows companies to conduct "Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)," with businesses taking the lead in accelerating the development of Taiwan's renewable energy trading market. This will not only enhance the international trade competitiveness of businesses but also allow Taiwan to move towards becoming a green energy powerhouse! The "Click Green Report" assessment criteria include five main aspects: energy information transparency, renewable energy commitment, energy efficiency and carbon reduction, renewable energy procurement, and initiatives. The assessment results are graded A, B, C, D, and F, with A representing the best performance and F indicating a failure in specific areas.

2017-10-12

The circular economy initiative has generated $8 billion in revenue for businesses.

Circular Economy Initiatives Generate $8 Billion in Revenue for Businesses. According to an industry survey conducted by the US-based sustainability consultancy Pure Strategies, large companies implementing circular economy initiatives and improving resource efficiency earned over $8 billion more in 2015 compared to their peers. The survey results show that corporate sustainability actions can deeply embed a brand in the public consciousness, thereby boosting sales, motivating employees, and reducing risk and costs. These large brands that have profited from implementing sustainability initiatives will invest more in sustainability projects in the future to build a sustainable corporate image. Pure Strategies invited 153 globally renowned companies with annual revenues of at least $250 million to complete this industry survey questionnaire, spanning industries such as food and beverage, apparel and footwear, biotechnology and medical products, electronics and appliances, home care and cleaning, personal care and cosmetics, and department stores. The corporate sustainability initiatives in the questionnaire included actions related to climate change, resource efficiency and the circular economy, sustainable agriculture, and chemical substance management. Of the surveyed companies, 43% increased revenue by more than $1 million by implementing sustainability initiatives, while 45% saved manufacturing costs by promoting resource and productivity efficiency improvement programs. Clorox, a major American household cleaning brand, implemented a sustainability improvement project in 2008, and by the end of 2015, had saved $15 million in manufacturing costs. Respondents also pointed out the importance of product innovation, green design and development, and corporate sustainability.

2017-10-12

China's first carbon monitoring satellite was successfully launched, enhancing its international influence.

China successfully launched its first carbon monitoring satellite, enhancing its international voice. Following the worst and longest-lasting smog affecting nearly 15% of China's territory, including Beijing and North China, China successfully launched a global carbon dioxide monitoring scientific experimental satellite from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Chinese officials stated that the satellite launch aims to enhance China's voice on international climate change and to make its voice heard in global carbon dioxide monitoring. China is the world's largest carbon emitter, and with this successful launch, it joins the ranks of countries possessing such satellites after the United States and Japan. Experts say this carbon satellite will enable China to initially establish the capability to monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in key regions and even globally. This is China's first scientific experimental satellite for monitoring global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Utilizing hyperspectral and high spatial resolution carbon dioxide detectors, multispectral cloud and aerosol detectors, and other equipment, the satellite regularly acquires global carbon dioxide distribution maps through a ground-based data receiving, processing, and verification system. This will also enhance China's voice on international climate change. Li Jiahong, chief engineer of the National Remote Sensing Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, said that the carbon satellite is a major mission deployed to address global climate change and enhance China's global carbon dioxide monitoring capabilities. Li stated that the satellite is of great significance in enhancing China's voice on international climate change issues. He told Chinese media that the satellite will undergo approximately six months of on-orbit testing after launch. In the future, China will cooperate with domestic and international partners as appropriate.

2017-10-12

Taiwanese investors rank 7th globally in corporate social responsibility; Japanese companies rank the lowest?

Taiwanese Investors Rank 7th Globally in Corporate Social Responsibility (ESG) Attention, Japanese Companies Rank Low? Schroders' Chief Marketing Officer, Hsieh Cheng-huang, stated that while the level of importance varies across countries, using a company's ESG attitude as an investment criterion has clearly become a new investment trend. Statistics show that companies that prioritize ESG generally outperform those that don't. According to the survey results, investors in emerging markets place greater emphasis on ESG investment concepts than those in developed countries. The survey ranked investors in 28 countries worldwide based on their level of attention to five options: "good corporate governance," "good social responsibility record," "positive environmental impact," "positive social impact on the local area," and "positive social impact globally." Investors in emerging markets almost single-handedly occupied the top 10 spots, including eight countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Russia. Taiwan ranked 7th, higher than the global average, while developed countries like Japan, Sweden, and the UK ranked near the bottom. However, Hsieh Cheng-huang clarified that while investors in developed countries may seem to place the least emphasis on ESG issues, this is actually because the concept is deeply ingrained in their thinking. Jessica Ground, Global Head of Supervision at Schroders Investment Management, believes that European countries have enacted extensive environmental legislation, and European investors are largely seen as being at the forefront of the ESG investment trend. Furthermore, although European investors' average scores are lower than the global average, Europe currently accounts for over 60% of the total investment amount using ESG as an investment concept globally, demonstrating the strong presence of European investors.

2017-10-12

Flame retardants regulated by the Stockholm Convention were found in recycled plastic toys.

Flame retardants regulated by the Stockholm Convention were found in recycled plastic toys. In 1995, the United Nations Environment Programme called for necessary global action against persistent organic pollutants (POPs), defined as "chemical substances that are present or accumulate in the bodies of plants and animals and that circulate in the natural environment over a long period of time and are harmful to humans." Subsequently, the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (ITS) and the International Programme for Chemical Safety (IPC) compiled an assessment of 12 chemicals that pose the greatest environmental threat. On May 17, 2004, the initial 128 bodies and 151 signatory states ratified the Convention, which officially entered into force. They jointly signed an agreement to ban nine POPs. The Convention also agreed that it could be reviewed and supplemented if new chemicals met certain criteria for persistence and transboundary threats. On May 8, 2009, at the Convention conference in Geneva, a new batch of chemicals were added to the Convention for regulation. A recent survey by the International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN) revealed several flame retardants listed in the Stockholm Convention in children's toys made from recycled plastics purchased from 26 countries. These toys were largely made from recycled plastic casings from electronic and electrical products, and the detected flame retardants included octabromodiphenyl ether (octaBDE) and decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBED).

2017-10-06

China drafts "Restriction Requirements for Chemical Hazards of Consumer Products"

China's draft "Requirements for Limiting Chemical Hazards of Consumer Products" is managed by China's National Consumer Product Safety Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 508). The national standard "Requirements for Limiting Chemical Hazards of Consumer Products" jointly drafted by the China Institute of Standardization and other units has recently completed the collection of public opinions. This standard aims to establish consumer product safety standards and improve consumer product quality requirements. Like the EU REACH regulations, it is a basic safety requirement for the hazards of chemical substances, which imposes restriction requirements on Class 103 substances (Annex 2). The list of restricted substances contains several existing regulatory requirements in China. For those parts that do not have domestic regulations, the EU and other international regulations are used as a reference. The restricted substances list in the final draft is very similar to Appendix 17 of the EU REACH regulations for hazardous substances in consumer products. Currently, 103 categories of chemical substances and their restrictions in consumer products are listed. Consumer products include children's products, textiles and clothing, Household appliances, electronic information technology products, decoration materials, furniture, etc. Examples of the list of restricted substances are as follows: – heavy metals, such as cadmium, lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury and nickel; – phthalates; – alkanes and alkenes; – alkyl halides; – phenols; – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and – aldehydes. "Requirements for Limiting Chemical Hazards of Consumer Products" (Draft for Comments) For details, please refer to the attachment: Medium

2017-10-03

German outdoor brand Vaude launches a new generation of green functional athletic shoes.

German outdoor brand Vaude launches a new generation of eco-friendly functional athletic shoes. Since its founding in 1974, Vaude has been driven by a spirit of adventure, continuously applying new technologies to backpacks and outdoor apparel for hiking, cycling, and other outdoor activities. Driven by a love and respect for nature and a commitment to the sustainable development of outdoor sports, Vaude actively launches functional products that comply with EU environmental regulations, earning it the reputation of being one of Europe's most environmentally friendly outdoor brands. This year (2017), Vaude collaborated with its long-term supplier partner Sympatex to launch its 2018 Spring/Summer collection of eco-friendly athletic shoes. The most unique feature of this collection is the use of Sympatex's non-porous functional breathable membrane, previously used in the shoe's upper. This membrane is now made from 100% recycled plastic, and through a carbon trading mechanism, the greenhouse gases produced during its production are offset, making it 100% carbon neutral. This series of sneakers is called "Next Generation" not only because it uses 100% recycled and functional membranes, but also because the lining is entirely made of recycled materials. The fabric used is free of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), meeting the stringent environmental requirements of Oeko-Tex and bluesign. Regarding leather, Vaude uses German leather that has obtained the Sustainable Production Certification and is actively developing other alternative products, such as those made from organic materials (non-fossil fuels).

2017-10-03

Shared bikes: A golden age or madness?

Shared Bikes: A Golden Age or Madness? In just one year, the expansion of shared bikes has changed the short-distance travel patterns of urban residents in China, but various regulatory and environmental problems have also arisen. From Beijing to Lhasa, shared bikes have entered nearly 100 cities in China. These colorful shared bikes are equipped with GPS positioning systems, and can be unlocked and ridden by scanning the QR code on the bike with a smartphone; some can even be booked via mobile phone. Zhu Dajian, director of the Think Tank for Sustainable Development and New Urbanization at Tongji University, told China Dialogue that the public bicycle program promoted by the Chinese government for 10 years has not achieved significant results, while this round of shared bikes, entirely dominated by private capital, has achieved results in just one year, reducing car use and traffic congestion. China is expected to explore a brand-new transportation model for the world. However, due to the rapid expansion of capital, the number and scale of shared bikes have exploded within one year, leading to a series of problems such as over-deployment, indiscriminate parking, disorderly encroachment on urban public space, and environmental pollution in the production process. The free use and parking of shared bikes is causing trouble for urban management. Professor Wu Weiqiang of Zhejiang University of Technology proposed in a study that, based on the current development speed of the four shared bicycle companies in Hangzhou, the number of shared bicycles in Hangzhou will reach nearly 330,000 by the end of this year. Adding to the tens of thousands of public bicycles previously deployed by the government, with Hangzhou's permanent population of 9 million, the bicycle market will be oversaturated by the end of this year. In Beijing, according to CCTV reports, there are currently more than 20 shared bicycle companies...

2017-10-03

Survey on Green Consumption Attitudes of China's Middle Class

A survey on green consumption attitudes among China's middle class, conducted by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council, revealed that 71% of respondents reported an increase in green consumption over the past year, particularly for "green products that offer health and safety guarantees," driven by health concerns, improved purchasing convenience, and increased market supply. 73% of respondents agreed with the preference for "products that offer health and safety guarantees," and 59% cited "more convenient purchasing channels" as a contributing factor to their increased green product consumption. Consumer focus groups revealed that while consumers were aware of the benefits of green foods several years ago, limited access and high prices made them a rare treat. However, the widespread adoption of online fresh food consumption in recent years has made green foods, especially organic fruits and vegetables and imported meats, more accessible. Websites connect directly with local farmers, leading to lower prices and frequent promotional activities. Furthermore, the convenience of online platforms facilitates shopping. During the focus groups, some respondents indicated they had become accustomed to buying fresh food online, with some even regularly ordering organic vegetables. A survey shows that 71% of respondents said their green consumption had increased in the past year compared to previous years, with a higher proportion of higher-income households also reporting increased green consumption. This may be due to serious food safety issues in China years ago, coupled with increased incomes, leading consumers to pay more attention to quality of life and safety. Therefore, the survey shows that although 41%...

2017-09-27

The 2016 Dow Jones Sustainability Index rankings have been released.

According to the latest 2016 Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) rankings, Cisco Systems, Shell, and Adobe have overtaken Intel, Samsung Electronics, and British American Tobacco to become new additions to the list of top-performing sustainability companies this year. The Dow Jones Sustainability Index, launched in 1999 by Dow Jones Industrial Average and Switzerland's SAM Sustainability Asset Management, is the first index to track the social responsibility of global companies. RobecoSAM, the Swiss-based sustainable asset management company based in Zurich, invited 3,400 companies from 57 industries to participate in a questionnaire survey as subjects of sustainability performance evaluation. Based on economic, social, and environmental criteria, and considering factors such as corporate strategy, management policies, and different industry characteristics, the top 10% of companies in terms of sustainability performance were selected. The Dow Jones Sustainability Index is therefore considered one of the most internationally credible tools for evaluating corporate sustainability and an important reference indicator for global investors. Among the 24 industry clusters participating in the evaluation, Unilever,

2016-10-06

Five Steps to Integrating Sustainability into Business Models

A recent report by SustainAbility, an international strategy consultancy chaired by John Elkington, the father of the Triple Baseline methodology, reveals that while most companies claim to have integrated sustainability into their business operations, very few actually implement it effectively. Integrating sustainability strategies into business models is a crucial issue that companies must now address. When making every decision, companies should consider environmental and social issues, particularly resource scarcity and climate change, as proactively addressing these issues will help manage future risks and increase competitiveness. To promote the integration of sustainability strategies into business operations, SustainAbility's report provides five steps to help companies more effectively implement sustainability policies: 1. Practice Business Model Thinking – Establish a consensus on how the business operating model generates corporate value; 2. Identify and Apply Substantive Issues – Address issues that the company must address.

2016-10-06

Home Depot in the US leads the way in detoxifying the PVC flooring industry.

The four major U.S. home improvement and building materials retailers, Home Depot, Lowe’s, Lumber Liquidators, and Menards, announced that they will phase out toxic phthalates from PVC flooring by the end of this year (2015). Phthalate chemicals are used to make PVC plastic soft and elastic. According to research reports, more than 58% of PVC flooring products currently sold in the U.S. contain phthalates, and more than 50% contain multiple plasticizers. Under normal use, phthalates in flooring can leach into the air and enter the human body through inhalation or contact. Numerous studies have confirmed that the presence of phthalates threatens human health, causing asthma and harming male reproductive organs, brain development, and the immune system. Moreover, the U.S. federal government has banned the addition of phthalates to children's products since 2009. Therefore, after a year of effort, Home Depot has collaborated with environmental groups and actively communicated with its PVC flooring supply chain to reach a consensus and promote a comprehensive ban on phthalates in PVC flooring. Home Depot is not only the number one home furnishings and building materials retailer in the United States, but also one of the world's largest brands, with annual sales of flooring in the US alone exceeding $6 billion. In light of this, Lowe's, another US building materials retailer...

2016-10-06

A Review of China's Environmental Protection and Carbon Reduction in 2015

China sent many positive signals regarding environmental protection in 2015, but implementing these measures remains crucial. Looking back at China's environmental record this year, we can see that while well-intentioned policies are not always just empty words, translating them into tangible progress requires strategy and methods. On January 1, 2015, China's new Environmental Protection Law officially came into effect amidst great anticipation. Observers both inside and outside China, after reading the legal text, could clearly feel the Chinese government's urgent desire to solve environmental problems. There will be no upper limit on fines for polluting enterprises, the government encourages NGOs to file public interest lawsuits, and local governments will be held accountable for the quality of their local environment. Another major event in China's environmental work this year was the further refinement of greenhouse gas emission reduction plans and increased national participation. Last November, China issued a historic announcement declaring its commitment to achieving carbon emission reduction targets by 2030. This year, the Chinese government further elaborated on this goal, proposing ambitious carbon intensity targets and setting a timeline for establishing a nationwide carbon trading system. These commitments from China were key factors in the Paris Agreement reached by various countries on December 12. On the issue of climate change, the intentions of China's top leaders are highly aligned with reality. Firstly, the Chinese economy is undergoing significant transformations, including reducing reliance on heavy industries such as steel and cement, and improving energy efficiency. As China's largest primary energy source, coal demand is therefore facing downward pressure.

2016-10-06

Severe smog has led to a surge in sales of Canadian fresh air in China.

Mainland China has recently been shrouded in smog, with many provinces besides Beijing also suffering from the "smog siege." A Canadian company selling bottled fresh air says that due to the smog in China, the number of Chinese customers has increased recently, with a bottle of fresh air priced between $15 and $46. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), two Canadian men have partnered to start a startup that packages fresh air from the Rocky Mountains and sells it to customers in countries with poor air quality, such as China. The company collects fresh air from the Banff Mountains and Lake Louise, and prices range from $15 to $46 depending on the bottle size. A $15 bottle of air can provide about 150 breaths, with a maximum of 200 breaths. Parker previously stated that when he and his co-founder Moses started selling the air, it was somewhat of a joke; they filled Ziploc plastic bags with air and sold them on eBay. Lin said that after sealing the air, they would then label it. A month later, the first bag of air sold for 99 cents, and the second bag immediately went for $168. Company co-founder Moses told CBC that collecting fresh air is a long and tedious process. "We spend about ten hours collecting air in Banff, and then bring back large quantities of air..."

2016-10-06

H&M supports EU textile CMRs limits.

The European Union has proposed restricting textiles from containing 286 carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (CMR) chemicals. Several trade organizations, including EuroCommerce and the Foreign Trade Association, oppose the proposal, arguing that it would force EU textiles to withdraw from the market if the industry cannot find safe alternatives to CMR chemicals in time. However, H&M, the world's second-largest fashion retailer, has publicly supported the proposal, overcoming opposition. H&M's sustainability expert, Ylva Weissbach, points out that the EU proposal provides the textile industry with a more comprehensive and clearer guideline for chemical substance management. Furthermore, the proposal prioritizes chemicals that come into contact with the skin, a clear consideration. Weissbach states that the proposal will allow textile manufacturers to better understand the number of potentially harmful substances in textiles and, by restricting their use, move the industry and products towards sustainability. The international environmental organization Greenpeace also agrees with H&M's viewpoint, stating that this proposal will accelerate its goal of detoxifying the textile industry by 2020. (Source: [Original Source Information Missing])

2016-10-06